Volcanic eruptions
Lava is rarely the killer. Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and ashfall are. How to read a volcano alert level when you're standing 30km from one.
- Live12 min readVolcanic eruption survival, for travellers
Why ashfall grounds aircraft for days, the four stage VAAC alert system, and what the red, orange, yellow, green levels actually mean on the ground.
Sources: USGS VHP · GVP Smithsonian · PVMBG · PHIVOLCS · INGV · SERNAGEOMINOpen the guide → - Live10 min readReading VAAC alerts as a flyer
How the nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres carve up the world, why a yellow alert closes some routes for 48 hours, and what airlines owe you under EU 261.
Sources: ICAO IAVW · VAACs · IATA · GVP SmithsonianOpen the guide →
Every claim in a Safe Trip survival guide cites a source you can re-verify. We start from primary agency guidance (USGS, NOAA, FEMA, WHO, CDC, IFRC, country-level alert services), supplemented by peer-reviewed literature where the agency record is incomplete. Travel-blog content is never used as a source.
/sources lists every dataset feeding our country scores; /methodology describes how scores are computed.